R.O. WINKS and ELISABETH A. HYNE
(taken from the opening address by Dr. Shlomo Navarro, chairman of the Conference Scientific Committee)
The International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation (CAF) continues to serve as the leading international forum for reporting advances in the research and development of gaseous treatments applied to the preservation of stored commodities. These proceedings contain the presentations made at the 5th gathering, which took place in Cyprus, 1996.
The Conference program included a pre-conference visit to Germany, organized by the Institute of Stored-Product Protection in Berlin, in coordination with the CAF Organizing Committee in Cyprus, under the sponsorship of Dr. C. Reichmuth. This interesting program which included visits to silos, granaries a museum and laboratories in Germany, was matched in Cyprus with visits to storage centers accompanied by sight-seeing visits to historical and tourist sites. The conference was held in the Cyprus International Conference Center in Nicosia.
The preparation of the conference from its inception to its realization was largely dependent upon the enthusiasm, devotion and support of representatives from two institutions: the Cyprus Grain Commission in Nicosia and the Israel Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) in Bet Dagan.
(taken from the Press Release on the CAF Conference)
"Currently there is worldwide pressure to reduce or phase out the use of fumigants and particularly methyl bromide. Scientists from 26 countries have gathered in Nicosia with the objective of reporting on the advances in research and development.
The conference pointed the way forward in agricultural product protection. Use of gases is increasingly the method of choice for treatment of pests infesting stored agricultural products. Research presented here lays the basis for techniques for use in the next decade.
The conference covered important global issues in pest control in stored products with the technique of fumigation or the use of controlled atmospheres:
Among the new techniques and substances which were covered, the use of carbon dioxide under pressure for rapid disinfestation and the production methods available for nitrogen were seen as promising approaches to including controlled atmospheres as a component of integrated pest management after harvest as alternatives to fumigants. Substances like methyl phosphine, methyl isothiocyanate and carbonyl sulphide were presented as possible alternatives to methyl bromide in some areas of application."
The use of mixed-age cultures in the measurement of response to phosphine
R.O. WINKS and ELISABETH A. HYNE
On the efficacy of sulfuryl fluoride against stored-product pest moths and beetles
C. REICHMUTH. M. SCHOLLER. J.-F. DUGAST and M.J. DRINKALL
Sensitivity of narcissus flies (Genera: Eumerus and Merodon) to methyl bromide
E.J. DONAHAYE. S. NAVARRO. R. DIAZ and MIRIAM RINDNER
The effect of temperature on some resistant stored-product insects exposed to phosphine
ELlSABETH A. HYNE and R.G. WINKS
The potential of methylphosphine as a fumigant for the control of phosphine-resistant strains of four species of stored-product insects
M.Q. CHAUDHRY, A.D. MacNICOLL. K.A. MILLS and N.R. PRICE
Effects of carbonyl sulphide on Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium avenaceum (Sacc.) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), and corrosion on copper
R. PLARRE and C. REICHMUTH
The effect of modified atmospheres on the juvenile stages of six grain beetles
S.T. CONYERS and C.H. BELL
Control of the dermestid beetle Dermestes maculatus De Geer with controlled atmospheres
ANA C. Sç-FlSCHER, C.S. ADLER and C. REICHMUTH
Rapid disinfestation through the combination of controlled atmospheres and heat
C.S. ADLER
A comparative study of phosphine resistance levels in stored-grain beetles collected from sealed and unsealed farm storages in Westem Australia
R.N. EMERY
Growth of fungi in high carbon dioxide and low-oxygen atmospheres
AILSA D. HOCKING and MARTA H. TANIWAKI
Respiration of wheat grain stored in different environments
J. LACEY, A. HAMER and N. MAGAN
Effect of controlled atmospheres and fumigants on storage fungi - A review of research activities at SEAMEO BIOTROP
OKKY S. DHARMAPUTRA
Effect of gastight storage on growth of fungi in paddy stored outdoors
FILIPINAS M. CALIBOSO, S. NAVARRO, D.G. AL VINDIA, EJ. DONAHAYE and GLORY C. SABIO
Effect of phosphine and bag type on storage fungi of milled rice
OKKY S. DHARMAPUTRA, A.S.R. PUTRI and M. SIDIK
Quality conservation of paddy stored under gastight seal outdoors in the Philippines
S. NAVARRO. FILIPINAS M. CALIBOSO, GLORY C. SABIO and EJ. DONAHAYE
Control of beeswax moths using carbon dioxide in flexible plastic and metal structures
B. YAKOBSON, S. NAVARRO, EJ. DONAHAYE, A. AZRIELI, Y. SLAVEZKY and H. EFRAT
Traditional hermetic methods of grain storage used in Cyprus
ELENI PAPADEMETRIOU and A. VARNAVA
7-year results of hermetic storage of barley under PVC liners: losses and justification for further implementation of this method for grain storage
A. VARNAVA and C. MOUSKOS
Sorption of carbon dioxide by wheat
S. NAVARRO
Sorption of fumigants by cut flowers
GAYE L. WELLER and J.E. VAN S. GRAVER
Mathematical models for carbon dioxide distribution and loss in bulks of grain
D.S. JAYAS, W.E. MUIR and N.D.G. WHITE
Efficacy of phosphine fumigations on bagged milled rice under polyethylene sheeting in Indonesia
M. BENGSTON, M. SIDIK, H. HALID and E. ALIP
Influence of grain temperature on efficacy of fumigation in leaky bins
C. REED
Methyl bromide emission control from commodity fumigation
J.G. LEESCH and G.F. KNAPP
On-site production of nitrogen for stored-product disinfestation
C.S. ADLER, C. ULRICHS and C. REICHMUTH
The use of on-site generated atmospheres to treat grain in bins or floor stores
C.H. BELL, S.T. CONYERS and B.E. LLEWELLIN
Purging grain bulks with nitrogen: plug-flow and mixing processes observed under field conditions
H,J. BANKS and P.C. ANNIS
A new phosphine releasing bag product based on magnesium phosphide for short-term fumigation
L. BENZING
Active fumigation systems: better ways to fumigate grain
R.G. WINKS and G.F. RUSSELL
Gaseous phosphine - a revitalised fumigant
R.F. RYAN
An investigation into safe disposal of phosphine-generating formulations
CJ. WATERFORD, C.P. WHITTLE, J.E. VAN S. GRAVER, S.W. JOHNSTON, R. ALLANSON and GAYE L. WELLER
Economic feasibility of phosphine recirculation systems in sealed silos at US grain elevators
P. KENKEL, R.T. NOYES, J.T. CRlSWELL and G.W. CUPERUS
Control of pests and quality aspects in cocoa beans and hazelnuts and diffusion experiments in compressed tobacco with carbon dioxide under high pressure
SABINE PROZELL, C. REICHMUTH, G. ZIEGLEDER, B. SCHARTMANN, R. MATISSEK, J. KRAUS, D. GERARD and S. ROGG
Carbon dioxide under high pressure to control the tobacco beetle Lasioderma serricorne
C. ULRICHS, C. REICHMUTH and W. RASSMANN
Rate of gas exchange during treatment of compressed tobacco with nitrogen or carbon dioxide for pest control
C. ULRlCHS, C. REICHMUTH, R. TAUSCHER and K. WESTPHAL
Test methods for sealing levels of grain stores: pressure tests and tracer techniques
H.J. BANKS
Pressure tests to determine need for sheeting loaded freight containers before fumigation
S. BALL and J.E. VAN S. GRAVER
Manifolding and sealing installation methods for manifolded phosphine recirculation systems in multiple concrete silos in US grain elevators
R.T. NOYES, P. KENKEL, J.T. CRISWELL and G.W. CUPERUS
Sealing efficiency assessment in modified atmosphere storages
S. NAVARRO
Sealing outdoor storage and fumigation facilities using plastic sheeting
T. deBRUIN
The response of the silo manufacturing industry in Australia to the sealing of transportable grain silos
C.R. NEWMAN
Ethyl formate as a fumigant of sultanas: sorption and efficacy against six pest species
SARAH J. HILTON and H.J. BANKS
Carbon dioxide fumigation of organic grain followed by 'refrig-aeration'
B.W. BRIDGEMAN
Development of a decision support system for the fumigation of milled-rice bag-stacks in the tropics
RJ. HODGES, M. SMITH, A. MADDEN, D. RUSSELL, I. GUDRUPS and H. HALlD
Simulation model of low-oxygen atmospheres on insect population dynamics in stored grain
P.W. FLINN and D.W. HAGSTRUM
Influence of resistance on future fumigation technology
J.L. ZETTLER
Resistance - a threat to the use of controlled atmospheres for stored-product protection?
C.S. ADLER
Selection of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) for resistance to a combination of phosphine plus carbon dioxide and biological observations on the resistant strain
FA EL-LAKWAH, A.A. DARWISH, M.M. KHAITAB and A.M. ABDEL-LATIF
Phosphine measurement at environmental levels by gas chromatography and portable methods
S. PRATT and CJ. WATERFORD
Does underdosing select for resistance to phosphine?
PJ. COLLINS, TA LAMBKIN, R.L. HADDRELL, TINA M. LAMBKIN and LINDA A. BOND.
Limitations for infestation control in cooled bulk grain and a strategy to overcome inherent sealing and gas distribution problems using phosphine
C.H. BELL, AL CLIFTON, K.A. MILLS and TJ. WONTNER-SMITH . . . .
Resistance of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) to phosphine in the Philippines
PERLINA D.SAYABOC and AJ.G. GIBE
There is no resistance of stored-product moths against treatment with carbon dioxide under high pressure!
C. REICHMUTH
The current status of methyl bromide and phosphine fumigation in Poland
S. IGNATOWICZ, S. OBOZA and C. SLUSARSKI
A new approach to adoption of potential alternative quarantine treatments world-wide
R.T. BAKER
The impact of domestic and international regulatory controls on the competitiveness of American agriculture
R.T. ROSS
The potential of systems approaches for quarantine
K.W. VICK
The efficacy of methylisothiocyanate against the Codling moth
VALERIE DUCOM and C. VINGHES
Use of low-oxygen atmospheres in quarantine applications to eradicate Mus musculus, the house mouse
JULIE A. CASSELLS, J.E. VAN S. GRAVER, RH. BURTON and H.J. BANKS
Controlled atmosphere and other alternatives for current uses of methyl bromide in the Netherlands
J.W. KLIJNSTRA
Commercial quarantine fumigation of narcissus bulbs to control narcissus flies
S. NAVARRO, EJ. DONAHAYE, R. DlAZ, MIRIAM RINDNER and A. AZRIELI
The present use of methyl bromide as a fumigant for stored products in developing countries: results of a recent survey
R.W.D. TAYLOR
Influence of pitfall traps and WB Probe II traps on the capture of four stored-grain Coleoptera
P. TREMATERRA and M. MANCINI
Sampling to determine treatment efficacy: development and validation of sequential sampling plans for adults of the rusty grain beetle associated with farm-stored wheat
B. SUBRAMANYAM, D.W. HAGSTRUM, RL. MEAGHER, E.C. BURKNESS, W.D. HUTCHISON and S.E. NARANJO
Comparison of two methods of detecting insects in grain
R. WlLKIN and C. VAN NATTO
On the capture of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst): effects of alive and dead insects in a trap
P. TREMATERRA, F. FONTANA and M. MANCINI
The use of traps to monitor insect infestations in cocoa container shipments
P.M. COGAN
A new model for analysis of development rates of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
P. TREMATERRA, F. FONTANA and M. MANCINI
An innovative approach to monitoring insect pests in silos
V. STEJSKAL
Efficacy of ozone to control insects, molds and mycotoxins
LINDA J. MASON, C.P. WOLOSHUK and D.E. MAIER
Carbon dioxide fumigation of organic grain followed by 'refrig-aeration'
B.W. BRIDGEMAN